From all-round academic master to chief scientist - Chapter 246 Important new results of wave-particle duality?

Could it be that there are some corners in these formulas that they haven’t noticed?

Thinking of this, these young intern researchers suddenly felt that there was a way to get ahead. If they could think of it and provide Lin Xiao with some help, wouldn’t they be able to take off?

So they all started using their heads, trying to figure out some corners.

But obviously, after they had been thinking hard for a long time, they didn’t realize there was anything hidden in the formulas in front of them.

In the end, these formulas are just formulas.

They couldn’t help but smile bitterly. What was the difference between this and asking them to study things and learn from them?

Looking at this formula, can you see what the flowers are?

Just when they were helpless, Lin Xiao finally raised his head and said: “Next, let’s try interference experiments, including double-slit interference experiments, isoclinic interference, and iso-thickness interference.”

“yes!”

Several intern researchers responded immediately.

However, another intern researcher took the initiative to ask: “Professor Lin, are there any problems with the formula model above?”

Asking questions is a good habit.

Lin Xiao smiled and said: “I always feel that these formulas, models and so on can be connected with a unified formula, probably like string theory… You should all know that before the M theory came out, physics There are several string theories in academia, right? And M theory proves that these string theories are all limiting cases.”

“And these model formulas are also special values ​​and limit values ​​of a unified theory?”

Hearing what Lin Xiao said, the intern researchers present all showed blank expressions.

Can these formulas be unified into a theory like string theory?

Although it is not impossible, but…

Sorry, Professor Lin, we really can’t do it.

Seeing their confused looks, Lin Xiao waved his hand, “Forget it, let’s stop talking and prepare for the experiment first.”

“Okay.” Several intern researchers immediately stood up.

Lin Xiao didn’t pay attention to this matter. These intern researchers couldn’t tell, so they weren’t surprised.

After all, his brain development reached 7.05%, coupled with level 5 physics and [Physics Master Halo], he was able to see after a few glances that there was a kind of logic behind these formula models. Essential connection.

Of course, just because you can see it doesn’t mean you can write it down. It’s more of a feeling.

The intuition from a top physicist is often very sensitive.

Moreover, judging from the nature of the objects described by these formulas, it is normal to have something to connect them. After all, these things are always the motion of waves.

Just like the wave equation, the wave equation is derived from Maxwell’s equations and can be used to describe various wave phenomena in nature. It can also be regarded as a unified theory.

Lin Xiao fell into thinking, so what is the connection between these diffraction models and formulas?

He wrote several more models and formulas on the scratch paper, including those of interference.

Interference and diffraction are two phenomena, but they also follow the same essence, because they are both connections between waves.

Simply put, interference is the result of the “addition” of a finite number of beams, while diffraction is the result of the “integration” of an infinite number of beams.

This is why Lin Xiao is now conducting an interference experiment.

For example, the famous double-slit interference experiment.

Of course, he did not want to explore the “horror” of the double-slit interference experiment. The double-slit interference experiment broke Newton’s light particle theory and officially gave birth to wave-particle duality.

However, for Lin Xiao, he does not want to explore whether it is wave-particle duality or wave-particle unified theory. He just wants to know how interference occurs between beams.

And what its essence is.

“It always feels like I’ve fallen into a pit?”

After calculating and calculating, an idea came to Lin Xiao’s mind.

But in the end he shook his head helplessly.

Otherwise, why don’t people research X-ray lithography machines?

If this thing is really developed, not to mention the lithography machine, it will be an important revolution for the world. Although it may not be as good as his multi-dimensional field theory from a theoretical perspective, it will be practical and practical. It would be better to say that, because people cannot study multi-dimensional space yet, but the applications of light diffraction and interference are very extensive.

It’s like the theory of high-temperature superconductivity studied by those working on condensed matter.

Don’t think too much, since you have fallen into this pit, just study it carefully.

This is exactly what he likes.

He raised his eyebrows, and over there, several intern researchers also shouted to him: “Professor Lin, we are ready.”

“OK.”

Hearing this, Lin Xiao stopped the pen in his hand and said, “Okay, let’s start. Let’s start with the double-slit interference experiment.”

“OK.”

Turn on the light source and the interference experiment begins.

Then he continued to collect various data, Lin Xiao inserted the formula into it, and began to calculate.

In this way, time passed quickly.

For so many days, Lin Xiao did nothing but kept doing experiments, reproducing the results of previous classic experiments, and then performing calculations based on existing formulas and models.

For him, this is a process of constantly deepening his impression. The deeper his impression, the deeper his understanding.

In his mind, he is constantly building a model, which can be called the coherent superposition model of waves, because whether it is interference or diffraction, it is the coherent superposition of several beams.

He can build such a model in his mind without any distinction between the experimental processes and results, and emerge them in his mind based on the formulas and models.

Just like a humanoid computer, his brain is equipped with finite element analysis software that can directly simulate the experimental process.

And this is the gold content of 7% brain development, which can directly realize the simulation of a simple experiment in the mind.

This kind of experiment simulated directly in the mind will be more helpful for Lin Xiao’s research.

Finally, Lin Xiao felt like he had found a pattern of coherent superposition of these waves.

…

“The longer the wavelength, the greater the spacing between bright lines. If infrared, ultraviolet, and X-rays are all visible light, then their spacing should follow such a function.”

【△x=λl/d】

“Then calculate the ripples from these gaps and plug in the angles to get…”

In Lin Xiao’s office, he lowered his head and calculated the formulas in front of him.

Then, he laid out various models and formulas, such as the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction formula, the Fraunhofer diffraction model, the Fresnel diffraction model, etc.

Substitute the results of his calculations into these calculation results respectively.

Combine similar terms, eliminate remainders, reduce, transform and divide with the same form…

These steps, which extremely test the observation ability and knowledge reserve, are probably as simple as calculating addition, subtraction, multiplication and division within 20 in elementary school in front of Lin Xiao.

After a series of steps, the original complex models and formulas naturally changed dramatically and turned into seemingly simple formulas.

There seemed to be no connection between these formulas, but Lin Xiao discovered something in common.

v/λ appears here!

That is the wave speed divided by the wavelength, which ultimately equals…f!

That is the wave frequency!

Seeing this result, Lin Xiao frowned, “The frequency of light? Particle nature?”

He had been avoiding the problem because he wanted to study wave properties, not particle properties.

But now his calculation results still allow frequency to appear in these formulas.

“Coincidence?”

He felt a little dissatisfied, so he began to try to eliminate v/λ, but after reaching this step, he had no choice.

“It seems that wave-particle duality cannot be avoided after all.”

The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave represents its wave nature, and its frequency represents its particle nature.

The longer the wavelength, the more wavelike it is, and the greater the frequency, the more particlelike it is.

From a philosophical point of view, wave-particle duality is probably a relationship of unity of opposites. Even if quantum mechanics proposes this property, it is only because people cannot understand that light exhibits both particle and wave properties. The compromise is given.

This means that a wave-particle unified theory is entirely possible.

Of course, in the physics community, wave-particle duality is basically considered to be a unified theory of wave properties and particle properties.

But what Lin Xiao wanted to explore was something more essential.

“Wave-particle unified theory…”

Suddenly, Lin Xiao remembered a paper he had seen.

“It seems that I saw a photo taken by a school in Switzerland before. A beam of light showed both wave properties and particle properties?”

He immediately turned on the computer and started searching for the paper.

It didn’t take long for him to find it without any trouble.

The paper comes from an experiment designed and completed by the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland in 2015, and was published in Nature Communications.

Looking at this paper, Lin Xiao’s eyes suddenly lit up.

This is it!

Wave nature and particle nature are inseparable, and by observing the wave-particle nature of electromagnetic waves at the same time, it will play a very important role in his understanding of the coherent superposition process of waves!

The more he looked at it, the more fleshed out the model he built in his mind became.

Some details were lacking, but also because of this experiment, which once again provided him with some material.

After all, whether it is more volatile or more particle-like, they both exist at the same time!

“It seems that I have something to convince those people at next week’s meeting.”

Thinking of this, Lin Xiao smiled on his face.

“However, I have to reproduce this experiment again, well, it’s better to be more detailed.”

He looked at the experimental process: sending out a laser pulse to illuminate tiny metal nanowires. The laser adds energy to the charged particles on the nanowires, causing them to vibrate. Light travels in two possible directions along this tiny nanowire, like a car on a highway. When the waves propagate in opposite directions and collide with each other, a new wave will be formed, and this wave will become a new light source and radiate around the nanowire.

“Well, it’s a very clever experiment, but it can still be modified.”

Lin Xiao smiled slightly and began to contact the researchers in the laboratory to prepare for the experiment.

He will temporarily bring an important new result to wave-particle duality!