Meet the principal - Scene 461. The Twins Paradox

A genius can remember the address of this website in one second: (Vertex Chinese), the fastest updates! No ads!? “Wait a minute, Reiner, I have a question here.”

At this time, Lanchester Stanion suddenly spoke.

“The time dilation effect will occur on objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light. According to the principle of relativity of motion, external observers can theoretically also experience the object moving at the speed of light. Will the time dilation effect also occur to external observers? ?”

Lord Stanion’s words silenced the conference room again, and his question seemed to contain some unexplainable weirdness.

“For example, there is a pair of twins, Al and Beta. They grew up at the same time and were exactly the same. At this time, Al obtained a spell that allowed him to leave the planet and go to the universe at the speed of light. He experienced a brief acceleration and The speed of light flies towards the universe, and after flying for a period of time, it immediately slows down and then returns at the speed of light.”

Lord Stanion spoke carefully while considering his words.

“According to the time dilation theory, Al is moving at a high speed close to the speed of light. He should have experienced a time dilation effect. For one second that he has passed, several seconds have passed for Beta on the ground. If we do not discuss precise calculations, start At the moment, Al and Beta were both twenty years old, but when they came back, due to the time dilation effect, Al looked only thirty years old, but Beta was already seventy years old.”

After hearing Lord Stanion’s explanation, several high-level mages present thought for a moment and nodded slightly, indicating that they agreed with this assumption.

“But now, let’s think about it from another angle. If Al is used as the reference frame, then Beta has actually experienced the process of accelerating to the speed of light and then returning. Beta should also have a time dilation effect. From Al’s perspective, Beta should behave You have to be younger than yourself.”

“This creates a conflict!”

Ludwig Stein quickly realized the problem. Due to the relativity of motion, the time dilation effect should appear on both sides, instead of simply only one side of the time dilating.

“Reiner, how do you explain this?”

Eagles Field is also puzzled. Lord Stanion’s paradox is quite easy to understand, but difficult to explain because it seems to conflict with the time dilation effect. Now, no one can be confident about it. Tell which one is wrong.

Everyone’s attention fell on Reiner, because among the high-level mages present, only Reiner, the proposer of the theory of relativity, understood this theory best, and it was impossible for him to not consider this issue.

Reiner looked around at everyone, cleared his throat, and stood up.

“This issue is indeed under my consideration. Sirs, to be honest, the emergence of this twin paradox is precisely caused by the difference between the classical space-time system and the relativistic space-time system.”

He waved his hand gently, and two small clocks appeared in mid-air.

“We can simplify the problem to two clocks that are originally consistent. One of them suddenly moves away at nearly the speed of light and then turns back, and the other stays in place. Find out what will happen to the displayed time of the two clocks after turning back. In order to continue To simplify, we assume that the process of acceleration and deceleration almost does not exist. This is the result of two periods of uniform motion. The moving clock is called a moving clock, and the stationary clock is called a static clock.”

Under the gaze of the mages, Reiner made the light spot repeat this movement process.

“In the classical physics system, using two light points as reference systems, we can naturally get the result that the other party is moving at a uniform speed relative to itself, but let us focus on this point of motion, which is the moving clock. , the process of the moving clock moving away from the static clock is obvious. Using the static clock as a reference, the moving clock experiences time dilation, and time passes more slowly. However, using the moving clock as a reference, the static clock also moves at a constant speed, and time dilation occurs. It goes by more slowly.”

“Isn’t this a contradiction?”

Mrs. Maria Instein asked doubtfully.

“But in fact, Mr. Einstein, the time of the moving clock and the static clock are relative. They themselves will not feel the difference in the passage of time, just like we will not feel that time passes in the ruins than outside. Fast or slow, only after the two meet, their relative time comparison will be meaningful.”

After Reiner explained this, he began to turn the distant light points back.

“The problem lies in the process of turning back. Your Excellencies, from the perspective of the static clock, the moving clock is also moving at a constant speed, but from the perspective of the moving clock, the static clock moved from behind itself to itself in an instant. The front is similar to a 180-degree semicircular motion, and this motion exceeds the speed of light.”

“Beyond the speed of light?”

Broly Augustine thought silently. Reiner’s words seemed to be full of contradictions, but they also implied some facts that he did not say clearly.

“Of course, this behavior that exceeds the speed of light does not transmit any information. In other words, if the moving clock can see things at infinite distances, at the moment it turns around, the static clock cannot be seen in front of it. To be precise, although the static clock exists, it is not within the light cone of the moving clock at this moment.”

Reiner’s words caused waves. This was a situation that high-level mages had never imagined. Compared with the scale shrinkage effect and the time dilation effect, the phenomenon mentioned by Reiner was even more incredible.

“We define the trajectory of a particle in space and time as its world line. The world line records all the positions of the particle from the past to the future. The range of this position is called the light cone. The range of the light cone is determined by the speed of light. It is determined that objects cannot exceed the speed of light, and only things located within the light cone will have an impact on the object.”

Reiner came up with a concept. At the same time, in mid-air, a light point zigzagged on the coordinate axis, forming a cone.

“For the moving clock, as it moves away, it will observe that the time of the static clock slows down. At the moment it turns around, the time of the static clock suddenly accelerates. In the process of returning, the time of the static clock continues to slow down. Until the two sides meet, at this time, the time passed by the moving clock is still less than the time passed by the static clock, which means that Al, who flies into the sky, will be younger than Beta when they finally meet.”

After speaking, Reiner demonstrated the phenomenon represented by his words. He drew two lines on a coordinate axis, one coincident with the vertical axis, one is an oblique line, and there are two double lines on the coordinate axis. In the curve, the horizontal axis of the coordinate axis represents the space X, and the vertical axis is cT multiplied by the speed of light.

“The root cause of this phenomenon is that the moving clock and the static clock are in different world lines. In this coordinate system, the moving clock represents a diagonal line, while the static clock represents a straight line. Different worlds The clocks in the line cannot be equivalent through simple coordinate system transformation.”